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Carbon dioxide Tasting is a colorless gas, odorless and slightly acid, sometimes called carbonic acid gas, the molecule which is composed of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms (CO2). It was called "fixed air" by the Scottish chemist Joseph Black, who obtained it through the decomposition of limestone and limestone and acknowledged that he entered the chemical composition of these substances. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier showed that carbon monoxide is a showing that the gas obtained by burning charcoal is identical in its properties with the "fixed air" obtained by Black. Carbon dioxide is about 1.5 times denser than air. It is soluble in water, 0.9 volume of gas dissolved in 1 volume of water 20 ° C (68 ° F).

Carbon dioxide is produced in a variety of ways: by burning or oxidation of materials containing carbon, such as coal, wood, oil or food, by the fermentation of sugars, and the decomposition of carbonates under the influence of heat or acids. Commercially, carbon dioxide is recovered from furnace or furnace gases from fermentation processes, the reaction of carbonates with acids, and the reaction of steam with natural gas, a step in the commercial production of ammonia. Carbon dioxide is purified by dissolution in a concentrated solution of carbonate alkaline and then heating the solution with steam. The gas is collected and compressed in steel cylinders. The atmosphere contains carbon dioxide in varying amounts, usually 3 to 4 parts per 10,000, and increased by 0.4 percent per year. It is used by green plants in a process known as photosynthesis, by which carbohydrates are manufactured.

Carbon dioxide is used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 · 1OH2O (soda), sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate), and basic lead carbonate, Pb3 (OH) 2 (CO3) 2 (lead white). Dissolved under a pressure of 2 to 5 atmospheres, carbon dioxide causes the effervescence dioxide Carbon drinks. Carbon dioxide does not burn and does not support ordinary combustion, and because of these properties are used for firefighting. The CO2 extinguisher is a steel cylinder filled with liquid carbon dioxide, which, when released, expands suddenly and causes so great a drop in temperature that solidifies powder "snow." This snow volatilizes (evaporates) in contact with the burning substance, producing a layer of gas that cools and smothers the flame. Solid carbon dioxide, known as dry ice, is widely used as a coolant. Its cooling effect is almost twice that of water ice, its advantages are that it does not melt as a liquid, but becomes a gas and produces an inert atmosphere that reduces bacterial growth. The presence of carbon dioxide in the blood stimulates breathing. For this reason, carbon dioxide is added to oxygen or ordinary air and artificial respiration gases used in anesthesia.

Carbon monoxide is a chemical compound of carbon and oxygen with the formula of carbon monoxide CO melts at -205 ° C (-337 ° F) and boils at -191.5 ° C (-312.7 ° F). It is a colorless, odorless gas, about 3 percent lighter than air and is poisonous to all warm-blooded animals and many other life forms. When inhaled, combines with hemoglobin in the blood, preventing absorption of oxygen and causes asphyxiation. Carbon monoxide forms when carbon or carbon-containing substances are burned with insufficient air supply. Even when the amount of air that is theoretically sufficient, the reaction is not always complete, so that the combustion gases contain some free oxygen and some carbon monoxide.

An incomplete reaction is especially likely when done quickly, as in an automobile engine, for this reason, the car exhaust contains harmful amounts of carbon monoxide, sometimes several percentage points, but devices are designed to keep anti-pollution level below 1 percent. In 1000 only 1 / 1 percent carbon monoxide in the air can cause symptoms of intoxication and only a fraction of 1 percent can be fatal in less than 30 min. Carbon monoxide is an important component of air pollution urban areas. Besides being present in automobile exhaust, carbon monoxide is also produced in cigarette smoke.

Because it is odorless, Carbon monoxide is an insidious poison. It produces only mild symptoms of headache, nausea or fatigue, followed by unconsciousness. An engine of a car running in a closed garage can cause the noxious air in minutes, a combustion furnace leak can fill a house with unexpected venom. Fuel gas, which can contain both as 50 percent of carbon monoxide, often have small amounts of sulfur compounds smell unpleasant purposely added to make leaks visible.

Carbon monoxide is an important industrial fuel, as it contains more than two thirds of the heating value of coal from which it formed. It is a component as a reducing agent, ie it removes oxygen from the ore. Carbon monoxide active combines with chlorine to form carbonyl chloride or phosgene, and combines with hydrogen, when heated in the presence of a catalyst to form methanol. The direct combination of carbon monoxide with certain metals, the formation of gaseous compounds, is used in refining metals, particularly nickel.

About the Author:

Dr.Badruddin Khan teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - Novelty of Carbon Dioxide and Rascality of Carbon Monoxide

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